Compared to the later camps it was like a sanatorium

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Miloš Pick arrived in Terezín in the year 1943. There was hunger in the camp but the prisoners did not have to put up with cruel treatment: “Compared to the later camps, it was like a sanatorium. I worked in a locksmith’s workshop. I was staying at the youth barracks.” In Libáň, a friend of Miloš Pick, Miloš Hájek, had given him the contact details of an underground organization: “That way I got inside the group that was living in the barracks. There were about twelve of us. One of us worked in a bakery, so each day he was able to bring half a loaf of bread. We lived symbolically, like a commune. We ate from a common cooking pot, one of us always divided the food in it. Scraping the left over bits from the pot was a special treat and we took turns to do that.” Miloš Pick stayed in Terezín until September 1944.

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Miloš Pick

Miloš Pick was born in August 16th in 1926, in a Jewish family in Libáň, where his grandfather and father owned a small factory. After the Nazi occupation he joined local resistance movement. With his friend he printed and distributed leaflets. In January 1943, Hájek was transported to Terezín. He became a member of Communist Party in 1943 as well. In September 1944, he was moved to Auschwitz. He managed to escape death in a gas chamber by reporting to Mengele higher age and a locksmith profession during the first selection on the ramp, after he got a warning from his friend Gert Körbel. Later Pick was sent to forced labor in Reich. From November 1944 to April 1945 he had been working in a factory in Meuselwitz-Buchenwald. At the close of the war in April 1945 Hájek escaped with a few friends from a death march back to Bohemia. All Jews transported from Libáň but Miloš Pick and his sister Soňa have perished. Their parents were murdered in Auschwitz. After the 1948 Miloš Pick had been working in the State Planing Commision. He was expelled from the Communist Party after the soviet invasion in August 1968.

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Terezín, Velká pevnost

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Terezínská Velká pevnost je součástí pevnostního komplexu, který začal v roce 1780 budovat císař Josef II. Leží na soutoku Labe a Ohře a původně měla sloužit jako obranná pevnost před vpády Prusů. Nikdy však nebyla vojensky využita. Za druhé světové války nacisté z Velké pevnosti vystěhovali civilní obyvatele a 24. listopadu 1941 zde zřídili židovské ghetto Terezín. Za čtyři roky existence tohoto sběrného a průchozího tábora se průměrný počet vězňů pohyboval kolem 30-40 tisíc. Značná přeplněnost ghetta a zoufalé životní podmínky měly za následek vysokou úmrtnost. Na konci války zde navíc vypukla epidemie skvrnitého tyfu. Koncentračním táborem Terezín prošlo celkem asi 155 tisíc lidí, z nich 118 tisíc válku nepřežilo. Osvobození Terezína se odehrálo bez bojů. Dne 1. května 1945 byla kontrola nad táborem svěřena Červenému kříži, 5. května odtud utekli poslední nacisté a 8. května přijely první sovětské jednotky.